江西省天然林资源保护工程实施成效、问题及对策研究

天然林是我国森林资源的主体和精华,是结构最复杂、群落最稳定、生物量最大、生物多样性最丰富、生态功能最强的森林生态系统.研究江西省天然林资源保护成效对改善森林生态环境、维护国家生态安全、应对全球气候变化、促进生态文明建设和社会经济可持续发展有重大意义.本文根据2016年江西省列为全国天然林"全面保护"省份以来的资料,分析了天然林保护的主要措施、取得成效、存在问题,提出了健全天然商品林保护补偿机制、对天然商品林统一进行综合保险、启动天然林资源质量提升项目、完善天然林保护修复制度、加大对国有林场的政策资金扶持力度及规范盘活天然林资源六大对策.分析结果可为持续保护修复天然林提供决策依据.     

改进熵权法在作物区域试验中的应用分析——以小麦为例

作物区域试验的目的就是要鉴定作物新品种（系）的生产潜力、稳产性及区域适应性,田间调查和室内考种的项目繁多,但试验结果往往是对参试品系产量进行排名,其他性状进行描述,缺乏一种能代表品系综合性状表现的总成绩。本研究把熵权法引入小麦区域试验,建立了小麦综合表现的评价指标体系,包括目标层,准则层和指标层,其中目标层为参试材料综合性状表现,准则层包括田间记载性状、籽粒性状和产量性状,指标层有16个指标构成。通过计算各指标权重值和转化值,进而计算出各指标的分数值,分数值代表了一个品系在区域试验中的综合表现,可用于参试品种（系）间的比较。研究结果表明熵权法引入小麦区域试验,对参试品种（系）的评价是客观的。     

基于健康与营养的现代农业发展

食安民康,食品安全贯穿整个产业链,其源头农产品是基础,首先必须把农产品质量抓好。为更好引导农业发展服务我国居民健康营养需求,11月20—21日2020中国农业农村科技发展高峰论坛暨中国现代农业发展论坛期间,中国农学会举办了健康·营养·现代农业分论坛,围绕我国居民膳食营养特征与食品科技创新、发展绿色都市农业与服务城市健康生活、牛奶与健康关联的优质乳工程、燕麦降血糖作用及机制研究、我国营养健康型食物资源开发趋势与典型案例、营养环境塑造动物健康高效生产6个主题,交流我国居民营养健康问题,探讨居民膳食结构,展望现代农业发展对我国居民营养健康的提升作用。     

Genetic parameters for growth‐related traits and survival with age in the Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus

Genetic parameters were estimated for growth‐related traits and survival of the Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus based on 66 families, including 30 paternal half‐sib families, which were obtained using artificial insemination of two females by each male. The variance components for growth‐related trait and survival were estimated using a single‐trait animal model and a sir‐dam model, respectively, and genetic parameters were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method. The coefficients of variation for growth‐related traits such as body length (BL), abdominal length (AL), and body weight (BW) were 9.36%–22.44%, 10.61%–21.92%, and 26.47%–58.33%, respectively, at different ages (45, 75, 105, 135, and 165 days). The corresponding heritability estimates for each growth trait were 0.1545–0.1951, 0.1672–0.1905, and 0.1596–0.1934, respectively, all of which were found to be at moderate levels and increased with age. The heritability of survival on day 165 was low (0.003). The genetic correlations among growth traits were positive and high (0.7316–0.9896) at the different ages, suggesting that selection to improve any single growth trait will cause positive responses in other growth traits examined in M. japonicus. The genetic correlations between growth traits and survival were also positive but low (0.005–0.087), which indicated that only selecting for growth traits may not cause a positive correlated response in the survival of the core population. According to the above results, we suggested that growth and survival traits should be taken as improving targets of breeding in M. japonicus. These results provided reference data for selective breeding and multitrait selection of M. japonicus.     

Sperm cryopreservation of the noble Scallop Chlamys nobilis by a programmable freezing method: Effect of cryoprotectant

A study on Chlamys nobilis sperm cryopreservation by a programmable freezing method was conducted under laboratory condition. Four cryoprotectant agents (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], methanol [MET], propanediol[PG] and ethylene glycol [EG]) and four concentrations (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%) were evaluated for their ability to retain sperm motility, movement characteristics and fertility. Results showed that cryopreserved sperm total motility produced by DMSO and MET at 5%, 10% and 20% were higher than other cryoprotectant treatment groups (CPA groups), as well as rapid sperm percentage. The curvilinear (VCL) and straight line (VSL) velocity produced by DMSO at 5% significantly higher than other CPA groups (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found for average path (VAP) velocity. The lateral head displacement (ALH) in all CPA groups was similar and without significant difference (p > 0.05), as well as the beat‐cross frequency (BCF). A significant higher fertilization rate was produced in DMSO than that in MET at same concentration (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were found for differing concentrations of the same cryoprotectant (p > 0.05). Overall, 5%‐20% DMSO was more suitable for Chlamys nobilis sperm programmable cryopreservation when the calcium‐free Hanks’ balanced salt solution was used as the extender, and 10°C/min from 0°C to ?80°C was used as freezing rate. The findings presented in this study will benefit conservation programs for Chlamys nobilis.     

Effects of five compound attractants in high plant‐based diets on feed intake and growth performance of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of five attractants on feed intake, growth performance and appetite‐regulating genes expression for juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Fish were fed with seven diets: fish‐meal‐based diet (FM), fermented soybean meal replacing 45% fish meal (FSBM) and other diets with 1% compound attractant A (CA‐A) consisting of amino acids, compound attractant B (CA‐B) consisting of quaternary ammonium bases, compound attractant C (CA‐C) consisting of nucleotides, compound attractant G (CA‐G) consisting of the combination of CA‐A, CA‐B and CA‐C and blue mussel protein hydrolysate (BMH) on the basis of FSBM diet respectively. Daily feed intake in CA‐A group was significantly higher, but that in CA‐B group was significantly lower than FSBM group. Similarly, specific growth rate was significantly enhanced in CA‐A and CA‐G groups and were significantly decreased in CA‐B group. Protein efficiency ratio and protein retention in CA‐B group were significantly lower than FSBM group. Furthermore, BMH supplement increased the mRNA expression of Ghrelin in the intestine of fish. These results showed that CA‐A and CA‐G supplement could enhance growth in plant‐based diets, but CA‐B supplement had the opposite effect, which might be associated with lower feed intake and lower feed utilization.     

刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)重要经济性状相关SNP标记的验证分析

本研究在前期构建的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)高密度遗传连锁图谱和QTL分析的基础上，筛选出26个与体长、体重、体宽、棘刺总数、抗病力相关的SNP位点，设计出可用于HRM检测的SNP扩增引物13对。在扩大群体中利用HRM小片段法对这13个刺参重要经济性状相关的候选SNP位点进行分型和多态性检测，并结合扩大群体的相关性状数据进行了QTL位点验证。多态性结果显示，13个位点中有3个单态性位点，其余10个多态性位点中有3个位点为低等位多态性，7个位点为中等位多态性。10个多态性位点的最小等位基因频率(MAF)介于0.016(SNP113)~ 0.332(SNP160)之间，平均值为0.173；各位点的观测杂合度(Ho)介于0.031(SNP113)~0.818(SNP9)之间，平均值为0.433；期望杂合度(He)介于0.031(SNP113)~0.834(SNP9)之间，平均值为0.402；多态信息含量(PIC)介于0.030(SNP113)~0.393(SNP160)之间，平均为0.248，有6个位点偏离Hardy- Weinberg平衡。QTL验证结果表明，SNP40和SNP160位点为与生长(体长、体重、体宽)相关的位点，各位点的优势基因型分别为SNP40(CC)和SNP160(AA)；SNP88、SNP112和SNP126这3个位点为与抗病力相关的位点，各位点的优势基因型为SNP88(CC)、SNP112(AA)和SNP126(TT)。基于这5个位点构建生长和抗病二倍型，发现二倍型K1(CC AA TT)抗病力最强，S1(CC AA)、S3(CC AC)在生长方面优势显著，相关研究结果可为分子标记辅助育种在生产中应用提供基础数据。     

基于无人机多光谱遥感的冬小麦冠层叶绿素含量估测研究

为探讨利用无人机多光谱影像监测冬小麦叶绿素含量的可行性,基于北京市大兴区中国水科院试验基地的2019年冬小麦无人机多光谱影像和田间实测冠层叶绿素含量数据,选取16种光谱植被指数,确定对冬小麦冠层叶绿素含量显著相关的植被指数,采用一元二次线性回归和逐步回归分析方法建立各生育时期及全生育期的SPAD值估测模型,通过精度检验确定对冬小麦冠层叶绿素含量监测的最优模型。结果表明,两种分析方法中逐步回归建模效果最佳。拔节期选取4个植被指数(MSR、CARI、NGBDI、TVI)建模效果最好,模型率定的决定系数(r~2)为0.73,模型验证的r~2、相对误差(RE)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.63、2.83%、1.68;抽穗期选取3个植被指数(GNDVI、GOSAVI、CARI)建模效果最好,模型率定的r~2为0.81,模型验证的r~2、RE、RMSE分别为0.63、2.83%、1.68;灌浆期选取2个植被指数(MSR、NGBDI)建模效果最好,模型率定的r~2为0.67,模型验证的r~2、RE、RMSE分别为0.65、2.83%、1.88。因此,无人机多光谱影像结合逐步回归模型可以很好地监测冬小麦SPAD值动态变化。     

2015年至2019年我国进口美棉质量分析

本研究旨在明确2015―2019年进口美国棉花质量变化情况。根据青岛海关技术中心棉花检测实验室检测大数据，分析进口美国棉花（陆地棉、比马棉）品质指标的主体范围，总结不同主体指标各等级分布情况及变化规律；对美棉品级、长度、马克隆值合同品质符合率开展研究，发现不同品质指标不同时间段符合率的高点与低点；结合大数据中单个棉包实际检测数据分布情况，探讨进口美国棉花质量变化趋势。认为：5年中进口美国棉花品质一致性好，主体品质占比大，主体指标范围品质符合率高，受贸易形势影响进口美棉数据分布逐渐由高等级向低等级转变。